Volume 1, Number 2
PROPAGATION OF WEAK DISCONTINUITIES
ABSTRACT:
The transport equations representing the rate of change of discontinuities in the normal derivatives of the flow variables are obtained along bicharacteristic curves in the characteristic manifold of the differential equations governing the flow of a chemically reacting gas. The propagation of these weak discontinuities is discussed in particular cases of plane, cylindrical and spherical geometry. The effects of the chemical reactions, the magnitude of initial discontinuity, the initial curvature of the wave front and the upstream flow Mach number on the propagation of these weak discontinuities are investigated.
SONIC CONDITIONS FOR SELF-SUSTINED DETONATION WAVE
ABSTRACT:
The generalized sonic conditions for a three-dimensional unsteady self-sustained detonations wave are derived by defining sonic locus as a limiting characteristic surface of the governing hyperbolic equations embedded in the reactive zone at a finite distance behind the shock. Two compatibility conditions are derived by considering Whitham’s shock ray co-ordinate system as a front attached co-ordinate, which are necessary to determine the motion of both the lead shock and the sonic surface. The domain of influence of reactive zone is bounded by two surfaces; the lead shock surface and the trailing characteristic surface. The geometry of these two surfaces plays an important role in the underlying dynamics.
ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS OF THE VARIABLE VISCOSITY
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we investigate first and second law of thermodynamic analysis of variable viscosity hydromagnetic, which has Couette flow with permeable walls. The analytical expressions of the dimensionless velocity and dimensionless temperature are derived by using the Homotopy analysis method. Our analytical expression of the dimensionless velocity is compared with the exact solution and a satisfactory agreement is noted. We also derive the analytical expressions for skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Entropy generation rate, Bejan number. The HAM contains the convergence control parameter, so we can easily extend to solve other MHD fluid flow problem in engineering and science.
USE OF PROTEIN ISOLATE FROM FISH WASTE
ABSTRACT:
Fish processing is a crucial sector to meet the nutrient needs for humans, but it generates a significant amount of the estimated 50% of total waste. It follows the same time a problem of dumping of waste in different environments which increases environmental pollution and in particular the water environment. Our work aims to study the physicochemical quality of sardine waste (edges, heads and guts). Then, we seek to exploit these coproducts as medium culture for microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and E. coli. In this case, two universal mediums were prepared with the isolate obtained from fish in the place of peptones of the conventional mediums. The physicochemical analyzes showed that the isolate obtained has a high biological value (rich in essential amino acids). The results indicate that the use of this isolate must be accompanied with other essential elements of culture (vitamin compounds, essential amino acids, minerals) as growth factors to optimize the growth of bacteria involved. This work allowed us to have a recovery method that reduces the risk of pollution caused by discharges of different fish processing industries and we contribute to the development of biotechnology.
A GREAT DISCOVERY ALLERGY AND ASTHMA
ABSTRACT:
Background. Allergic asthma and rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and food allergy are genetic diseases of infants and children. Several investigators have provided evidence for a genetic localization for atopy. Babies of atopic parents are at high risk of developing atopic diseases, however the phenotypic expression of such diseases varies widely, being very mild in some infants and children, severe and frustrating in many, even life-threatening in others, being also common,disabilitating, and chronic.
Volume 1, Number 1
Transfer of Sodium from Plasma to Milk in Lactating Cows
ABSTRACT:
An investigation was carried out in Livestock station at Khizarabad, Sargodha Pakistan. An experiment was conducted to determine the sodium status in blood plasma and milk of lactating cows in four sampling phases (October, November, December and January). Milk and blood plasma samples were collected in four sampling phases of winter seasons of 2014. Transfer of minerals from blood plasma to milk possessed many effects on ruminants so there is need to elaborate translocation quantity of minerals to overcome diseases related to ruminants.
Transfer of Sodium from soil to forage
ABSTRACT:
An experiment was conducted to determine the sodium status of soil and forage during four sampling periods (October, November, December and January) in livestock station at Khizarabad, Sargodha, Pakistan. Forage plants and soil samples were gathered in four sampling periods of winter seasons of 2014. Highest sodium level in soil (98.496 mg/kg) was found in October and forage sample show highest sodium (0.0802%) level in October. Similarly lowest sodium level in soil (64.584 mg/kg) and forage (0.300%) samples was also found in same sampling period of January. Results of the present study showed that sodium concentrations in soil and forage samples were higher than critical levels. Transfer of mineral from soil to forage showed serious effect on plants and also on ruminant which consumed these plants so Further studies are required to find out the exact requirement of minerals for the area under study for forage productions and to cope with diseases in small ruminants.
Preliminary Study of Physiology and Biochemistry of Root, Fruit and Leaves
ABSTRACT:
Medicinal plants are very important in all over the world to cope against different types of diseases. Medicinal plants are utilized as folk medicine to heal injuries and cure diseases. Therefore, the aim of present study was to compare the biochemical and physiological attributes of root, leaves, fruits and seed of olive (Olea europaea) and Amaltas (Casia fistula). In this regard, different parts of olive plants such as root, fruit, seed and leaves were collected from soon valley and different parts of amaltas were collected from University of Sargodha and analyzed. Biochemical and Physiological attributes such as protein, amino acid, total sugar, reducing, non-reducing sugar and different mineral ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ were analysed. In olive and amalatas plants, sodium and potassium were observed high in fruits, roots, leaves and seeds. The presence of these minerals helps in plant growth and fruits production. Concentration of reducing and non-reducing sugar was observed high in leaves and fruits of olives and amaltas and minimum in seed of olives and root of amaltas. The protein contents were observed high in root of olives and minimum in seed of olive plant while maximum in leaves and fruit of amalats. Potassium and calcium contents were observed high in seed of olive plants while calcium were observed high in leaves of olive plants. The comparison of physiological and biochemical status of root, leaves, fruits and seeds of olive plants indicated the important values of different parts of the olive and amaltas and their significance. This study helps to recommend the different parts about their medicinal values.
The environmental factors influencing the development of atopic diseases
ABSTRACT:
Allergic asthma and rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (AD), urticarial and gastrointestinal allergy, are common diseases of infants and children. It was recently estimated that 14% of children suffer from AD, 8% from food allergy, and 12% from asthma (1, 2). The cumulated incidence of these diseases in adolescents has been estimated between 25-35%, while the prevalence is about 20% (3). The phenotypic expression of these illnesses varies extensively, being very mild in some cases, severe in many, and even life threatening in others. Specific IgE antibodies to foods and positive challenge tests to a number of food allergens are frequently present in children with these disorders. Cow’s milk (CM) appears to be the most common offending food both in gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhea, etc.) and in cutaneous manifestations (urticaria and AD). About 0.5-7% of infants suffer from more or less adverse reactions to CM (4).Babies particularly of atopic parents is at high risk of developing atopic diseases, therefore they are defined as at-risk babies (5-7). Atopy can interfere with a child’s life at any age level, with varying severity. Intractable diarrhea due to CM allergy (CMA) and AD are the most frequent in infants, where the clinical manifestations are more severe than in older children. Respiratory allergy and bronchial asthma can be serious illnesses in younger as well as in older children. The desire to understand the multifaceted problem of atopy has stimulated the clinicians and academicians’ imagination for decades. Therefore, interest has been focused on methods for the prediction and prevention of atopy (5-9). Prevention of IgE-mediated diseases relies on the skill necessary to overcome the natural forces unceasingly working to sensitize humans to
produce IgE antibodies. The phenotypic expression of allergic disease ensues from an elaborate interrelationship between the atopy-prone genetic constitution of a child and the experienced environment that surrounds it. Prevention of atopy could potentially be met by selectively interfering with the genetic and environmental factors that appear to be responsible in concert for the final phenotypic expression of atopy. Human milk has been for centuries the only way of feeding human neonates. Since the beginning of this century, CM formulas have become a common breast milk substitute when mother’s milk was not available. During this century and especially in the last decade other formulas have been developed in order to reduce the antigen load and therefore the risk of sensitization. In this paper, we will briefly summarize recent data on the environmental factors triggering atopy. In addition, we will report recent knowledge on atopy prevention, also reviewing the so-called hypoallergenic formulas.
